Electronic payments are a core part of business, but rejected or returned transactions are an unavoidable reality. When a payment fails, the payer's financial institution sends back a decline code or return code. These short messages are essential for understanding why a payment failed and determining the correct next steps.
This guide outlines the most common decline reasons you may encounter for both ACH (Automated Clearing House) and Credit Card (CC) payment.
ACH Return Reasons
ACH payments, which include direct deposits and direct debits, involve bank-to-bank transfers. When an ACH transaction fails, the Receiving Depository Financial Institution (RDFI, or the [payer's bank) sends a three-character code back through the ACH network (governed by NACHA).
Credit Card Reasons
Credit card declines happen when the merchant's payment processor attempts to get authorization from the payer's card-issuing bank. These codes are typically two-digit numbers and fall into two main categories: soft declines (temporary, can be re-tried) and hard declines (permanent, do not re-try).